Which type of distributed generation technology uses the sun's energy?

The use of the sun's energy in distributed generation technology is primarily realized through solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) systems. These devices convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. This process involves the absorption of photons from sunlight by semiconductor materials, which then generate an electric current.

The appeal of solar panels as a form of distributed generation lies in their ability to be installed on residential rooftops, commercial buildings, and in larger utility-scale solar farms. They contribute to energy independence, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and lower greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with sustainability goals.

In contrast, the other options represent different forms of energy generation that do not utilize solar energy. Wind turbines harness the kinetic energy from wind, coal power stations generate electricity through the combustion of coal, and hydroelectric systems use flowing water to produce power. Each of these technologies operates on distinct principles and resources, highlighting the unique role that solar panels play in the broader landscape of renewable energy technologies.